Thursday, May 1, 2014

Amendment 27


Amendment XXVII

Ratified May 7, 1992.

No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened



This amendment prevents Congress from giving themselves a raise in the same term. An election of Representatives has to "intervene."

Media 1:


In this comic the congressman is not having to make any sacrifices because they can set their own salaries, while the average citizen does have to make sacrifices. This is an example of what it was like before the 27th Amendment was ratified.
 
Media 2
  

In this video the congress, senate, and president still get paid in government shut-downs but with the 27th amendment still intact they can't give themselves a raise till a new term.

Amendment 26

Amendment XXVI

Section 1.

The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.

Section 2.

The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

This Amendment means
1. In order to vote you have to be 18 years or older, and can't be denied.
2. Congress has power to enforce.



Media 1
26TH aMENDMENT
This picture represents the young 18 year old announcing that they can vote and they're proud.



Media 2:


The age to vote use to be 21 but it got changed to 18 because of the 26th Amendment was passed. The link to the video below explains that
 

 
 
 
 
 

 


Amendment 25

Amendment XXV

Section 1.

In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

Section 2.

Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

Section 3.

Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

Section 4.

Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

Each section in this Amendment means

1. when president removed, VP is pres.

2. vacancy of VP: pres. elect, majority vote by both houses of congress

3. when president declares in writing that they are unable to preform, VP takes spot until president is back

4. VP and cabinet can declare president disabled. VP gets presidents duties. In disagreement, congress picks-2/3 needed

Media 1:





25th amendment
In this picture it shows that the 25th amendment states that when the president dies the vice president can take his position as president.

Media 2:


In this picture you can see the vice president in the background and from media 1 if he were to die Joe Biden would take his position.

Amendment 24


Amendment XXIV

Section 1.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

Section 2.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

This Amendment means 1. poll taxes banned in national or state elections
2. congress has power to enforce



Media 1:

This picture demonstrates poll tax being banned and hoping that photo id at the poll to be banned



Media 2:
'Here's another one for you.'


This comic is a great illustration on what the 24th amendment did of banning toll tax and with this cartoon titled, "Here's another one for you" is a great way to show that they are making fun of the poll tax

Amendment 23

Amendment XXIII

Section 1.

The District constituting the seat of government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a state, but in no event more than the least populous state; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the states, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a state; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

Section 2.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

This Amendment means 1. number of electors of a state= senators+representatives
2. congress has power to enforce



Media 1:
http://toontube.launchpadtoys.com/108900

This video above describes how the people of Washington D.C couldn't vote until the 23rd amendment was passed.

Media 2:

This video explains the 23rd amendment and how Washington get some representation.

Amendment 22

Amendment XXII

Section 1.

No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

Section 2.

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven years from the date of its submission to the states by the Congress.

This Amendment means
 1. no president may serve more than 2 4-year terms, a president who has already served more than 1/2 of someone else's term can only be elected one more time

2. inoperative unless ratified by 3/4 state legislatures


Media 1:

This picture is a great way to illustrate how the congress is anti third term.



Media 2

The twenty-second amendment of the Constitution limits presidents to a maximum of two terms in office.

Amendment 21

Amendment XXI

Section 1.

The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.

Section 2.

The transportation or importation into any state, territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

Section 3.

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several states, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the states by the Congress.

This Amendment means 1. 18th article is 'canceled' repealed
2. transportation of liquor into any state is illegal
3. inoperative unless ratified by conventions in the several states


Media 1:
This picture shows how happy people were when it was legal to drink alcoholic beverages again.
 
Media 2:

This picture shows how people went out and demanded to have alcohol again and if not they wouldn't go to work.

Amendment 20

Amendment XX

Section 1.

The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

Section 2.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section 3.

If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

Section 4.

The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Section 5.

Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.

Section 6.

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states within seven years from the date of its submission.

This Amendment means
1. president & VP duty end at noon on Jan 20th, senators and representatives: Jan 3rd at noon, of chosen years, successors take place

2. congress assemble 1+ times per year, 3rd day of Jan unless other day chosen


3. if president dies, or is removed or not elected, VP takes place; congress has power to choose a person to be president if no one is chosen


4. if chosen president from H.O.R. dies, congress chooses; if chosen VP from senate dies, congress chooses


5. Sections 1 & 2 take effect on October 15th


6. inoperative unless ratified by legislatures of 3/4 states


Media 1:
This video explains the 20ths Amendment and each of the sections in it.
 
Media 2
The first President inaugurated on January 20 was Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1937

Amendment 19

Amendment XIX

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

This Amendment means all citizens can vote no matter what gender
and congress can enforce by legislation


Media 1:

From this amendment on women were allowed to vote and this picture demonstrates how women encouraged votes on yes for suffrage.

Media 2:
This video talks about how the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on August 18, 1920.

Amendment 18

Amendment XVIII

Section 1.

After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

Section 2.

The Congress and the several states shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Section 3.

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several states, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the states by the Congress.

This Amendment means 1. ban on alcohol
2. congress and states have concurrent power to enforce
3. inoperative unless ratified as amendment to constitution by several state legislatures


Media 1:

This picture shows how liquor was not allowed in the U.S and how this amendment was established in 1920.

Media 1:
This is a funny video describing the events that happened because the government banned alcohol.

Saturday, April 19, 2014

Amendment 17

Amendment XVII

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any state in the Senate, the executive authority of such state shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, that the legislature of any state may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

The three main points for  this Amendment
1. senators elected by state's people
2. vacancies in Senate: executive may make appointments
3. this amendment cannot alter term of any senator chosen before valid as constitution


Media 1:


This picture is demonstrating how this want to repeal the 17th amendment to make the political atmosphere conducive and strengthen the democracy

Media 2
17th Amendment

This picture portrays how they needed the 17th amendment to be passed to allow the direct election of the senator election.

Amendment 16

Amendment XVI

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

This Amendment means that Congress has power to collect income tax without regard to state population

Media 1:


This picture is a good illustration on how the 16th Amendment allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results.


Media 2:
This video is entertaining to watch on how the income tax is important.

Amendment 15

Amendment XV

Section 1.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section 2.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The sections in this amendment means 1. all citizens of US can vote, not denied by race or color
2. congress has power to enforce by appropriate legislation



Media 1:
"XVth Amendment"
This is a great picture of how states couldn't bug people of color to vote because this amendment allowed that people of color to be able to vote.

Media 2:

This picture illustrates the 15th amendment and how the African Americans are at the ballot about to vote around white people who don't like that they get to vote.

Amendment 14

Amendment XIV

Section 1.

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2.

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.

Section 3.

No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section 4.

The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5.

The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

This Amendment and each section means
1. born in US=citizen of US, state lived in; equal protection under law
2. representatives appointed by state population
3. no person can work in government if they have enggaged in rebellion against US or helped enemies. Congress can remove this law
4. no debts questioned, US does not pay citizen debts
5. congress has power to enfore by appropriate legislation this amendment


Media 1:
slave, am i not a man and a brother
This picture shows a slave in chain but with this amendment it made slaves citizens.

Media 2:

This picture illustrates how republicans are not in agreement with the 14th amendment allowing babies of immigrant family to obtain citizenship.

Amendment 13

Amendment XIII

Section 1.

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

This Amendment means 1. slavery is not allowed; no labor against one's will; does not prevent prison wardens
2. congress has power to enforce #1 by appropriate legislation


Media 1
 
This picture is a great illustration of how Abraham Lincoln brought peace but some people didn't feel it. 
 
Media 2:
 
In this video students describes how this amendment banned slavery. 
 

Amendment 12

Amendment XII

The electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;--the person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

This amendment mean that each elector chooses one candidate for president & VP; if no majority, H.O.R. chooses president, Senate chooses VP; VP must be eligable as president

Media 1
This video explains how to fix the problems in the electoral college and what it did to fix the  problem.

Media 2:
 
 
This cartoon makes fun of the 12th amendment's section regarding the electoral process.